Cov khoom uas tsis zoo ntawm kev coj ua tam sim no hu uainsulators, thiab insulators tseem hu ua dielectrics.

Lawv muaj siab heev resistivity.Txhais lus ntawm insulator: Cov khoom uas tsis ua hluav taws xob yooj yim hu ua

insulators.Tsis muaj ib thaj tsam ntawminsulatorsthiab conductors.

Nta

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov insulators yog qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo nqi hauv cov molecules yog nruj nreem khi,

thiab muaj tsawg tsawg tus nqi uas tuaj yeem txav tau yooj yim.Lub macroscopic tam sim no tsim los ntawm cov

kev txav mus los yog suav tias yog cov khoom siv tsis muaj hluav taws xob.

Kev coj ua

Lub conductivity ntawm ib tug insulator yog txiav txim los ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv cov khoom.Tus cwj pwm ntawm

electrons nyob rau hauv ib lub siv lead ua nyob ntawm lub zog band qauv.Ib yam khoom uas muaj qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob

band thiab tag nrho valence band yog ib qho insulator.Lub zog sib txawv ntawm lub hauv qab ntawm lub conduction band

thiab sab saum toj ntawm valence band (band Thaum lub zog sib txawv loj, nws tsis ua hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv

ib txwm hluav taws xob teb.Rau cov khoom uas muaj lub zog me me, txawm tias lawv yog cov insulators thaum kub

yog qhov tsawg, thaum kub nce, valence band electrons zoo siab rau cov conduction band, thiab lawv

tseem yuav ua hluav taws xob.Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub electrons los yog qhov nyob rau hauv impurity theem nyob rau hauv band sib txawv

zoo siab rau lub conduction band los yog valence band, nws kuj yuav ua hluav taws xob.

Lub zog hluav taws xob

Cov khoom insulators tau muab faib ua ob hom: crystalline thiab amorphous.Qhov tseeb insulator tsis yog kiag li

tsis-conductive.Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob muaj zog, qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo nqi hauv cov insulator

yuav tawg dawb thiab dhau los ua tus nqi dawb, thiab kev ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev yuav raug puas tsuaj.Qhov no tshwm sim yog

hu ua dielectric breakdown.Qhov siab tshaj plaws hluav taws xob teb lub zog uas cov khoom siv dielectric tuaj yeem tiv taus yog hu ua

lub zog tawg teb.